12 major errors in the delivery of emergency
Leonid Schebotansky, Olesya Sosnitskaya
Provide first aid should be promptly and properly. And both are the key words here: sometimes hesitates is lost, and sometimes it's better to do nothing than to do and do harm.
Why is the first means not always go smoothly? Because it usually have non-professionals. All of us have heard something about the bundles, and tire dressings, but often remain in the memory of a rather approximate information about how and when these should be used. As a result, bundles stacked on a few hours and chest compressions performed directly on the broken ribs suffered in a traffic accident.
Top 12 errors in first aid
A. The extra perturbation
Remember, road accident victims and fallen from the heights before the arrival of emergency can only touch it if there where they belong, to be physically dangerous (a burning house or a car, tilted trees, water, and waxing, etc.). The rule of "Do not move or turn over the victim without vital necessity," written in blood and ink that display the terrible word "disability." Suffice it to say that rescue workers sometimes choose to disassemble the car around the victim than the force pulling it out.
No need to pull and once again people with suspected heart attack or stroke. Such a person does not have to go to the hospital on foot with support, it must be borne on a stretcher. Otherwise, the "campaign" could cost him dearly.
Two. Reduction of "dislocation"
You are 100% confident that the victim dislocation, and going to the right. Stop! Ask yourself a simple question: can your eyes emit X-rays? If the answer is "yes", then you will to the Nobel committee or to the nearest mental hospital. In other cases (in terms different from the taiga, or desert) can not reduce a self that looks like a sprain. Because even an experienced physician to determine the risk to such an injury to the eye.Appropriate action in this situation: incapacitate the injured limb, cause "fast" and go to the emergency room.
Now for the immobilization. Applying the tires - it's not primatyvanie broken arm to a straight stick. If you decide to engage in the imposition of a makeshift bus, keep in mind that you can not straighten limb force!Her pribintovyvayut as is - this is most convenient for the patient position so that it is not only immobilized the fracture site, but two, and in some cases, the next three joints.
Three. Tampering zhgutovanie
When you stop the bleeding by applying tourniquet (from "not there" to "long") made so many mistakes that many experts call just limited to a tight bandage, limb bending in the joint, which is located above the stricken vessel, or backfill tightly wound. In most cases this is enough. At the same time do not change the bandages, and impose on one another. Medics arrived they will be able to quickly assess the blood loss.
Well, if it comes to the worst arterial bleeding, do not waste precious time looking for the wiring harness. As soon as possible clamp fingers red blood fountain, or until the application of knowledge to zhgutovaniyu man can not live.
Even in the case of arterial bleeding, remember that the estimated time of imposition of the wiring harness is not more than 1 hour in winter and 1.5-2 hours in the summer. And the best, regardless of the season to dismiss the burn every 20 minutes, so then the victim does not "thank" for the lost limb.
4. Stopping the bleeding from the nose tilting the head
If you throw back your head, the blood from the nose to go longer. Here are just a stop the bleeding? No.Just the blood will drain into the nasal passages, and then into the stomach. It seems like nothing fatal, but, first, we do not see if the bleeding continues or not? And secondly, there is such a nasty thing as hematemesis.
When epistaxis adequate assistance: tilt your head slightly injured forward zatamponirovat nostrils with a clean cloth or cotton swab dipped in hydrogen peroxide, and then figure out the cause of the incident.
Five. Drug therapy on a whim
This is the "heavy" point of the program, because, despite the explicit prohibitions of physicians' medication is prescribed only for you, do not advise it to anyone "in our culture decided to recommend drugs for internal use, based on the magical method of analogy -" just me, or even someone in this situation is helped, then ... ". So - it does not mean anything!
If a person is bad, do not offer him a medication that helped in a similar situation. First, it is not the fact that similar symptoms are caused by external same problem. Secondly, the drugs have particular use, contraindications and side effects are not obvious to people without medical training.
The most frequent "drug" error - nitroglycerin offer to all those who cling to the chest. The consequences of such assistance could be worse than you can imagine, up to the sharp decrease in pressure to a critical level.The only exception is the victim himself asks a specific drug or inhaler. In this case, most likely, he chronicles and advice of a doctor.
6. Artificial vomiting in cases where it should not be allowed
When poisoning is usually advised to call the victim vomit. However, this is absolutely impossible to do in cases of suspected poisoning of acid, alkali and other corrosive substances. If vomiting is justified, there is no need to use the self-manganese, soda, etc. All that is needed - a lot of warm water.
7. In his mouth the spoon - make a wrong
Most often, the violent vsovyvaniya something in your teeth suffer from epilepsy. From spoons, screwdrivers and even a knife with which the citizens are trying to provide compassionate care in a fit, a lot of damage (broken teeth and injuries to the throat of metal and obstruction of the trachea and bronchi from the more fragile items), and usually a little confusing. No need to hold the full force of the epileptic hands and feet, quite a bit to support the head, that would prevent injuries and cramps subside when the man turned on his side.
Eight. Oil on a burn, iodine into the wound
Grandma "smazh burn oil" ingrained in the minds of generations and hardly etched, even stubborn bolt "can not, not, not." No oil or grease all sorts of new burn panthenol not. Unless, of course, have no desire to aggravate the situation. Properly cool the affected area with cold water, but not for a minute or two, and 10-15-20.
Pour iodine, alcohol, and green fodder in the deep wound and pointless - any good it will bring. Only harm.In unskilled hands, these substances are only needed for greasing scratches. The rest of the "teapot" is safer to use hydrogen peroxide.
9. Claps on the back choked
This is a common way to help the choking person is not the safest. In certain cases, such claps may contribute an even deeper penetration of a foreign body in the respiratory tract. To determine whether this case falls into the category of dangerous can not advance, so the best strategy in this case - the most affected (if possible, do not panic), lean forward and make a few sharp breaths. Or others can embrace him from behind under the arms and put pressure on the solar plexus (not the chest).
10. Prentice cardiopulmonary resuscitation
The idea is to do chest compressions and artificial respiration should be able to everyone, at least, it is taught, beginning with the school. But if you do not know, it's best not to take. And if you are able, keep in mind a few comments. First - if a person's heart and palpable pulse, such events do not need! Second, to thrash with all the dope on the sternum is not necessary and dangerous. Prekardialny blow lay person is likely to Nike to be profitable, but you can break ribs and cause a lot more injuries.
11. Removing items from the wounds
You can get a splinter from a finger, lightly prokolovshy skin, nail or piece of plate, clearly not cut your finger in half. But never, in any case you can not remove any items from the more or less serious wounds. Even if a man sticks a piece of rusty wire. If you are experiencing for the infection - so it's too late, all the infection has long been in, it can be fought then, in contrast to the bleeding. Doctors 'emergency' is not for investigator uncle holds knives and other extraneous things in place until such time as the victim will be deployed in the operating room. Because in an open field, on the road or at home they will have nothing to stop the bleeding, which can be opened after izvlekaniya object from a wound, and to compensate for blood loss.
How to not look scary man with a knife in his chest, remove it yourself, you should not.
12. Alcohol Therapy
Pain relief was included in the folklore of alcohol are stronger than we would like. Before you offer someone a brandy for anesthesia or sugrevu, better look for other options to help or to abstain from it altogether.First, in a drunken stupor pain sensitivity varies, and it is unnecessary stirring of fractures and difficulty in diagnosis. Second, most drugs are not designed for simultaneous use of alcohol. Not to mention the fact that a drunken patient - the doctor is a nightmare that needs to manage and assist at a time.
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In general, to provide first aid sometimes dangerous - you can do much harm. In the U.S., the law of "Good Samaritan" by which a person rendering first aid in emergency situations can not be later dragged to court for damages. But such cases were.
Does this mean that you need to throw the fallen to their fate, leaving the bleeding and to remain indifferent to the suffering of others? Of course not. Another thing is that our actions should always be commensurate with competence. And listen carefully to what is taught in the life safety, and take courses in first aid. They offer the MOE, the Red Cross, driving schools, tourist club and many other organizations.
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