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Male infertility is approximately 40% of all cases reported in the U.S.. Modern diagnostic methods allow us to determine the source of the problem, and advances in medicine in a large percentage of cases to help solve it.
It is important to choose the right time





About infertility can begin to say, if after 12 months of unprotected intercourse does not occur in a woman pregnant. However, over the age of 36 years is reduced fertility as a woman and a man, so if the pregnancy has not occurred within 6 months, doctors recommend to apply for verification.


In one portion of the male sperm, on average, contains about 20 million sperm. Only a few thousand of them reach the egg. Most of the male germ cells die immediately or are not able to overcome all the way to the egg.


It is necessary to take into account the fact that the highest concentration of sperm in men occurs in the winter, and for women is the most favorable season - summer, when the days are getting longer. It is widely practiced by the measurement of basal body temperature in women, which gives an idea of ​​the occurrence of ovulation and the best time for sexual intercourse. Although life is subordinate to such a schedule, not the best way affects the relationship between partners.


A single sperm is viable in the female genital tract for 48 hours, while the egg is only viable for 24 hours. It is therefore important to calculate the time of sexual intercourse, which would lead to a long-awaited fertility.
The most common causes of infertility


First of all, the doctor checks held as sexual development in adolescence. It is important to determine whether there is a history of latent (hidden) disease testes, undescended one or both testicles in the scrotum, the disease mumps - all of which can cause male infertility. The doctor asks questions about the lifestyle and the presence of lesions, for example, due to road and other accidents. Few people know that, for example, long ride on a motorcycle can adversely affect the functioning of the sperm.


One of the causes of infertility could be testicular torsion - a situation in which there is perezhimanie spermatic cord, leading to impaired blood supply to the testicle. Other reasons: prior to surgery, testicular cancer, prolonged stay at high temperature (for example, in the Jacuzzi or sauna), exposure to harmful substances in the workplace (exposure, chemical fertilizers, lead, chemotherapy), as well as smoking and drug use, alcoholism , drugs, finally, system and sexually transmitted diseases.


About 15% of men suffer a greater or lesser degree of varicocele (varicose veins of the spermatic cord and testis). Veins leads to a slowing of blood flow, temperature rise in the testis and the delayed removal of toxins. The combination of these adverse factors adversely affect the properties of the sperm.





It looks like an egg - mother of the ten trillion cells in the future of the human body. Sperm - it can be said with the chromosomes of the cell nucleus, which is a "paddle" - the flagellum. The rate of movement of human spermatozoa is estimated to be 30-50 m / s (one micrometer, or micron is one millionth of a meter).


Blockage of sperm paths can also be one reason for the lack of sperm in the ejaculate - semen released during sexual intercourse. Blockage may be a manifestation of congenital genetic defect often occurs in patients with cystic fibrosis. This phenomenon may occur as a complication after surgery (for example, to remove a hernia or torsion). Sometimes the blockage is the result of infections such as chlamydia.


Reduced frequency of sexual activity may be detrimental impact on erection or ejaculation. On the other hand, there is a perception that sex is more than 2 times a week does not improve the situation. Such causes as diabetes, nerve damage, certain drugs (such as drugs against heart rhythm disorders), psychological distress can be a cause dysfunction of fertilization.


Scientific studies show that a certain percentage of men who have been very low or no sperm spermografiya have genetic disorders. Among the most common chromosomal abnormality Klinefelter's syndrome occurs when, instead of one X chromosome in humans, there are two: XXY instead of XY.Another violation is the change in the structure of the male sex chromosome Y in a specific area, responsible for the production of germ cells (DAZ). Another hereditary disease that can cause male infertility, it is cystic fibrosis (CF), which may take place partial or complete absence of the epididymis (the appendages of the testes, located in the testicles). This causes obstruction of seminiferous tubules and absence of sperm in the semen.
Treatment of male infertility is defined by its cause


Unfortunately, most treatments offered in the case of low sperm count or low motility, are not very effective, except for the direct injection of sperm in the fluid containing the egg.


Varicocele surgery | treatment is aimed at eliminating varicose veins in the testicle. In the course of the operation is performed ligation of varicose veins or embolization. After this operation, one-third of all couples seeking infertility over, reach a long-awaited pregnancy within a year.


Hormone therapy | Men suffering from hormonal disorders of the pituitary gland, which directs the activities of testicular sperm production may receive the missing hormones. Typically, this type of treatment successfully solves the problem of male infertility. These hormones are similar to substances that make women go through when the process of preparation for in vitro fertilization, or when they need to call the revitalization of the ovaries.


Intrauterine insemination (IUI) | is used when there are difficulties in sexual life, or the return of ejaculation, as well as in cases where there is a problem of synchronization of sexual activity.Implementation of intrauterine insemination is not recommended for low rates of sperm or their lack of activity. At the same time, the indication for its observance is a woman taking drugs that stimulate the activity of the ovaries, because in this period can successfully achieve synchronization between the introduction and presence of sperm ready to fertilize the egg and make sure that the sperm reach the desired site.


Antibiotics | Influenza, pneumonia, urinary tract and other infections - all can affect the reproductive cells and their functioning. At a time when a man is found any infection, antibiotics - is sometimes all it takes to fix a temporary problem with infertility.


In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI) | If poor quality sperm or vice versa, in the ordinary conception of in vitro fertilization does not occur, we can apply the technology in which laboratory-selected sperm and injected directly into the egg. The manipulation is carried out under the microscope, allowing the sperm to increase again in 6000. So the choice is achieved by the best quality of gametes for fertilization. This method made ​​it possible to reduce the number of miscarriages and increased the number of happy pregnancies.


On materials of National Infertility Association
To explore the issues of male infertility are assigned a variety of tests


Semen analysis (spermografiya) | This is the most important test that is common to the diagnosis, when the pair refers to infertility. The semen is investigated for three main factors: counting the number of sperm motility and morphology (structural features of the head and tail of the sperm).


Portion of sperm for research taken after 3-4 days of abstinence, because a longer period of abstinence leads to a slowing sperm motility. To carry out semen analysis should be no later than 45 minutes after collection.


Hormonal analysis | Appointed in those cases where the sperm concentration is very low. It checks the level of hormones LH, FSH and testosterone in the blood. Extremely high levels of LH and FSH indicate a problem in the formation of sperm in the testicles. This problem can not be cured, can be a total loss of the testes ability to produce sperm.


Checking the quality of cervical mucus | in the cervix after intercourse during ovulation shows the ability of sperm to move it. During the test, cervical mucus is examined under a microscope after 2-8 hours after intercourse.


The presence of sperm in urine | Checks in those cases when they are absent in a portion of the ejaculate. Typically, in these cases there is nerve damage or mechanical removal channel cum.


Testing of sperm agglutination | Antibodies to own sperm cells are sometimes the only cause of male infertility. Their body's immune system produces. They are found in men who underwent surgery on the genitals or removal of the spermatic cord. The antibodies attach to the head or tail of the sperm and prevent its movement.


Testicular Biopsy | Assigned when a man does not ejaculate, but the hormone levels are normal. A biopsy can determine whether all sperm. This procedure is necessary in cases where the male sex cells are required for in vitro fertilization (IVF) by introducing the sperm directly into the fluid containing the egg. This procedure is called "micromanipulation" (ICSI).


Ultrasound (transrectal or chrezmoshonochnoe) | represents the best way to explore the reservoir of sperm and spermovyvodyaschie way. If they have blocked, you can try to correct. This study also helps to diagnose varicoceles, which can not be detected by other methods.