In a society woman'salcoholism harshly condemned and denounced. Therefore it is extremely rare, realizing that was the misuse of alcohol, a woman asks for help to the psychiatrist. She would prefer having hidden from public view, quietly die in an embrace with a bottle. But ignore this problem can not be - for the last ten years our country has been an increase incidence of alcoholism. So why are drinking woman and how to deal with it?
The answers to our questions provided by experts of the National Addiction Research Center of the Health Ministry of Russia and the educational program "Point of sobriety."
There are two viewpoints on female alcoholism: either women are easier to drink too much alcohol and women more difficult to treat, or alcoholism, male and female did not differ, just fewer women drink too much and therefore, so to speak, in plain sight ...
Female alcoholism on the male does not differ fundamentally. Women and men belong to the same species, and the abuse of alcohol in their bodies is similar pathology. Of course, there are some physiological differences that give rise to a somewhat different approach to thetreatment of alcoholism , but in clinical practice, they are not critical. In some cases, women are more motivated for treatment, although they often seek medical help at a later stage of the disease than men. To this there are many different causes, foremost among which is the social stigma attached to women's drinking . As with any disease, cases are treated worse than running, but the notion that female alcoholism is incurable - misleading.
The scientific literature is the term "female alcoholism?"
Alcoholism among men and women - is the same disease, it is the same "dependency syndrome" universal criteria which are defined in the International Classification of Diseases.Official medicine defines alcoholism as a chronic mental illness.
Why, then, originated the term "female alcoholism?" Because there is no term "women's flu" or "Women's Jade", "Female mastitis?"
Alcoholism - a disease not only from a medical point of view, it is also a social problem. And the term "women's alcoholism," the two are connected. Besides
specific physiological abnormalities that cause the female body alcohol abuse , there is a social approach to the problem of female alcoholism . "Social stigma" imposed an alcoholic punch more often in women than in men. The traditional image of women as mothers and homemakers has generated strong opinion that a woman and alcohol are incompatible. If a woman drinks it all condemn, turn away from it all. Men were more likely than women to drop out caught in the dependence of the spouse. Most women are immersed in alcohol quietly, secretly and alone, until recently, hiding their relationship.
Is the female body is more sensitive to the effects of alcohol and women need less time to hobby grew into a disease?
Although doctors do not tend to distinguish between male and female alcoholism - a disease similar dependence, there is no denying the impact of physiological characteristics of alcohol on women.
It is known that the water content in the female body is smaller than in men, so even with equal doses of alcohol in the blood alcohol concentration is higher in women. In the cells of the female stomach contains less alcohol decomposing enzyme, so the absorption of alcohol from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood increases, and its toxicity increases. In addition, the premenstrual woman's body is much more vulnerable to alcohol. Tearfulness, irritability, bad mood, sleep disturbances, which are characteristic for the premenstrual syndrome, predispose to alcohol, which creates an illusion of relaxation. As a result, it can serve as a trigger for alcohol abuse and dependence.
Also, some women abuse alcohol during menopause in an attempt to confront the difficulties of age. In such cases, it leads to the development of "late alcoholism."
Does an increase in the number of women with alcohol dependence in recent years?
If 20-30 years ago, the ratio of female patients and male patients suffering from alcoholism, was 1 to 7, it is now about 1 to 4. Modern female alcoholism gradually becomes masculine.This is partly due to an early introduction to alcohol among adolescents. The ratio between boys and girls that allow the use of alcohol is 3:1. Typically, girls begin to use alcohol is influenced by the boys. On alcohol in adolescence is still too early to say, and although the use is episodic in nature, culture, adolescent alcohol has become a fixture of leisure.
And what about the "beer" alcohol? This woman somehow different? And when to sound the alarm, when bought a bottle of beer every night?
The problem of " beer alcoholism "is formed not so much the quality of the drink, but his availability. Despite the fact that beer is officially recognized as an alcoholic beverage, many of his fans, including many women believe that beer - no alcohol. But if we make some simple calculations, it turns out that the half-liter bottle of beer of 5% contained the same amount of ethyl alcohol, how much and in 60 milliliters of vodka. That is, after drinking four bottles of beer, get a dose of alcohol is equal to half a bottle of vodka. Carbon dioxide contributes to more rapid absorption of ethanol, so drunk on beer, though less pronounced than drunk strong drink, but is faster. In using the beer a person drinks plenty of fluids, seriously loads of cardio-vascular system. Alcohol affects the liver and brain. The development of alcohol, including beer and depends on the amount and frequency of drinking, as well as from individual to individual. One can not say whether the alcoholic man drank a little every night.For some "night dose" may be long enough to be free of any visible effects, and someone will result in alcohol addiction .
The causes of alcoholism in women and men different?
The development of alcoholism as a disease depends on a combination of factors: family history, psychological characteristics, social environment, past illnesses and head injuries, the amount and frequency of alcohol use, etc. Social environment and the environment in the development of female alcoholism is important, especially for drinking husband. In many cases, women whose husbands suffer from alcoholism, and alcohol abuse. It is believed that the driving force of alcoholism in women are the ills of life. Often, women are more acutely sensitive to stress, crisis, family problems, loneliness, etc., trying to drown out the negative emotions of alcoholic beverages. However, the difficulties of life do not differ much from the problems of non-drinking women. Under the influence of alcohol are more common emotional disorders, acute anxiety and depression , so-drinking women are more sensitive to life's circumstances.
But is it always my fault "bad heredity"? And if burdened heredity, difficult to cure?
Hereditary factors play a decisive role in the development of alcoholism.According to current scientific data, the development of alcoholism by 60-70% due to genetic factors, 20% - personality and by 15% - social and environmental factors. Inherited by the not the alcohol, and a predisposition to it. Very often the accumulation of cases of alcoholism observed in several generations of the family, it is called "family burdened." In such cases, the abuse of alcohol dependence develops quickly, the disease is progressing rapidly. However, genetic predisposition does not mean that the disease alcoholism is inevitable, more importantly, to exercise utmost caution in the use of alcohol or completely abandon it. Besides, now you can assess the risks of using DNA diagnostics.
What are the first signs of the disease? And how do you know that this is a disease, not just a habit "relieve stress"?
Formation of alcoholism as a disease begins with the development of psychological dependence. Thoughts of alcohol are in the foreground. Alcoholic beverages are the only source of pleasure or a means of overcoming stress . Lost the ability to control the amount of alcohol consumed, disappearing sense of proportion. Intoxication is often accompanied by extreme irritability, memory loss is not unusual at the height of intoxication. Appears withdrawal symptoms and desire to get drunk - signs of the formation of physical dependence. There is a tendency to justify all the reasons alcohol consumption, despite the emerging health problems, family conflicts and work. External signs: redness, swelling of the face, the smell of alcoholic breath of his mouth, increased blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, irritability, sleep disturbances. Medical tests may show irregularities in the liver and pancreas, changes in the electrocardiogram, blood pressure fluctuations.
There are also universal criteria for dependence syndrome according to the International Classification of Diseases. The presence of any three of the six traits formed depending says:
- Strong desire to take alcohol;
- Loss of control over alcohol, failed attempts and constant desire to reduce or control its use;
- Status of withdrawal (hangover), alcohol intake facilitates the state;
- The need to constantly increase the dose of alcohol;
- Most of the time and human energy expended in search of alcohol and its subsequent use;
- Alcohol consumption with an explicit awareness of the harm brought by the body.
What can the woman herself? And that - her family?
Spivayas, women are angry, aggressive, unrestrained, hysterical, tearful, self-centered, prone to neglect their professional, family, marital, maternal responsibilities. In general, for around-drinking woman is extremely unpleasant, but we must realize that, like any other sick person, she is entitled to his share of sympathy and understanding. If you show a woman pity and compassion, to help her find a doctor, recovery will be quicker. The main thing a woman sees that she is loved, that need it, that it is, for anyone to live on.
Having fun with alcohol responsive to women's health? Can a woman cured, to become a mother? Return to its former beauty?
Drinking alcohol, women and men rarely think about the consequences. But the alcohol - it is poison, it has a toxic effect on all organs and body systems. In the first to suffer liver, brain and nervous system. alcohol abuse in women can lead to menstrual disorders, disruption of fertility, early menopause, accelerated aging.
What should a woman do if she wants to stop drinking? You should always refer to the psychiatrist? Or, in the initial stage of work, for example, a therapist or own will power?
Refusal of alcohol is often - not just an act of volition. When formed of alcohol dependence patient is difficult to control himself, he loses all sense of proportion. In such cases, only a doctor can work out the correct installation of sobriety. All diseases addiction - a chronic incurable disease. But to achieve lasting remission, including a lifetime of sobriety, it is possible.Only need to prepare yourself for a long, hard and persistent work in the struggle for sobriety. Often, being a consequence of mental disorders, alcoholism, requires the assistance of a female psychiatrist, psychiatrist and psychotherapist. Psychotherapy not only helps identify the causes of addiction and mental illness to withdraw, but also the ability to restore the pleasure of a sober lifestyle, improve overall health, family relationships and at work.
Who can be treated successfully - men or women? I once read that women, asthey're more serious about the doctor's recommendations ....
It is difficult to say which of the known methods of treatment suitable for women the most.Applicable to all existing methods of scientifically proven efficacy. Drug treatment is usually selected individually. Current drugs can suppress the craving for alcohol is not due to fear of danger rejected reaction to alcohol, and by eliminating the feeling of pleasure, euphoria, which give alcoholic beverages. In this treatment of alcoholism only effective when the combination of medication and psychotherapeutic program that is individually depending on the stage of disease and psychological characteristics of the patient and his environment.Women communicate well in groups of self-help and mutual aid. Unlike men women are more susceptible to environmental influences, and, if the family has a drinking woman is another alcoholic, expect that it will be in remission, is very difficult. Husband of a woman, even if he does not suffer from alcoholism should not drink in her presence.
For some reason, is considered to be asleep is possible only if consumed vodka. But there is a "beer" alcohol, then there is the "wine" and "cognac" and so on?
Abuse of beer, vodka, wine or brandy leads to one result - alcohol dependence. Toxic damage to the body stronger spirits, intoxication occurs quickly and often quite severe.Although consumption of soft drinks has its negative features. Status postintoksikatsii after beer less severe than after the spirits, which allows for more frequent use of it, and, consequently, leads to more rapid development of alcohol dependence. Specific treatments for alcoholism, addiction caused to those or other alcoholic beverages, do not exist. The rule here is one: the earlier you address a doctor, the greater the likelihood of effective treatment.
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